- Table of Contents
Poland is situated in Central Europe and is bordered to the north by the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast; to the east by Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania; to the south by the Czech Republic and Slovakia and to the west by Germany. Poland has a total surface of 312,685 square kilometres (120,696 sq mi) and is inhabited by approximately 38.5 million people (2011 estimate) making it the sixth most populous country among member states of the European Union. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Poland is the ninth largest gas consumer in OECD Europe. Amongst the EU member states, Poland has one of the lowest shares of natural gas in its energy mix (around 12%). Poland has a natural gas supply per capita of 0.335, among the lowest in OECD Europe. With a relatively small rate of domestic production, Poland imports the vast majority of its gas volumes from Russia. [1], [2]
| Basic Gas Facts | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas reserves (bcm) | .. | 97 | 93 | 98 | 93 |
| Gas production (mcm) | 5995 | 6040 | 5750 | 5862 | 6084 |
| Gas consumption (mcm) | 16185 | 16159 | 16288 | 15845 | 17197 |
| Gas imports (mcm) | 10922 | 10124 | 11202 | 9954 | 10895 |
| imports pipeline (mcm) | 10922 | 10124 | 11202 | 9954 | 10892 |
| imports LNG (mcm) | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| import dependency (%)* | 67% | 62% | 69% | 63% | 63% |
| Gas exports (mcm) | 46 | 45 | 39 | 41 | 46 |
| Natural gas supply per capita (toe) | 0.324 | 0.325 | 0.329 | 0.315 | 0.335 |
| Technically recoverable shale gas resources (bcm) | - | - | - | 5295.84 | - |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available * Imports dependency of natural gas = (imports - exports) / consumption **Proven & Probable (2P); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Coalbed Methane Outreach Program Sources: Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011, EIA Analysis & Projections, GMI/EPA Coal Mine Methane Country Profiles | |||||
| Basic Energy Facts | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Energy Consumption (mtoe) | 97.3 | 97 | 97.88 | 93.99 | 101.71 |
| CO2 emissions, energy-related (Mt) | 332 | 304.69 | 298.69 | 286.76 | .. |
| CO2 intensity, energy-related (tCO2/toe) | 3.38 | 3.14 | 3.05 | 3.05 | .. |
| Energy consumption per capita (toe/cap) | 2.519 | 2.525 | 2.544 | .. | .. |
| CO2 per capita, energy-related (tCO2/cap) | .. | 7.99 | 7.84 | 7.52 | .. |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available Sources: Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011 & EIA International Energy Statistics | |||||
- 1. Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011
- 2. EIA Analysis & Projections - World Shale Gas Resources 2011
- 3. Global Methane Initiative/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Coal Mine Methane Country Profiles 2010
- 4. EIA International Energy Statistics 2010-2011
This section explores total primary energy consumption and gas demand by sector for Poland
In 2010, Poland’s total TPES amounted to 101.71 mtoe, a 8.2% increase compared to 2009. Oil accounted for 25.24 mtoe while coal and gas accounted for 56.06 mtoe and respectively 12.79 mtoe. Other sectors accounted for 7.63 mtoe. [1]
In 2010 Poland consumed a total of 17,197 mcm of natural gas, which is about 8.5% more than in the previous year. In 2009, Poland consumed a total of 15,845 mcm of natural gas, about 2.7% less than in 2008. Of the total consumption of natural gas in 2009, 1,961 mcm were used for transformation and 3,885 mcm for the industry while 6,553 mcm was consumed by other sectors. [1] Transformation includes the generation of electricity, while the demand from the ‘Industry’ refers to gas used for such things like the chemical-, iron and steel- and machinery industry. The demand from the ‘Energy Sector’ refers to gas used for the extraction of coal, oil, and gas and gas used in refineries, coke ovens and gas works. [1]
*other: commerce and public, residential, agriculture, non-specified
This section deals with gas reserves, exploration & production and gas imports.
The indigenous gas resources of Poland are very limited. It hosts approximately 0.05% of the world total reserves. The reserves-to-production ratio* for Poland at the end of 2010 is 15.3 years, compared to 16.7 years at the end of 2009. [1]
*Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate.
Poland´s gas production peeked in the late 1970s at 6.46 bcm and has been decreasing ever since to 6.08 bcm in 2010. [1]
| By country of origin (in mcm) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e | %Total 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | 7525 | 6855 | 7783 | 8166 | 9756 | 89.5% |
| Germany | 537 | 862 | 906 | 1084 | 1133 | 10.4% |
| Other | 2480 | 2407 | 2513 | 704 | 6 | 0.1% |
| Total | 10922 | 10124 | 11202 | 9954 | 10895 | 100% |
| %Total Consumption | 67.5% | 62.7% | 68.8% | 62.8% | 63.4% | - |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available Source: Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011 | ||||||
| By transport type (in mcm) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e | %Total 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pipeline imports | 10922 | 10124 | 11202 | 9954 | 10892 | 99.97% |
| LNG imports | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0.03% |
| Total | 10922 | 10124 | 11202 | 9954 | 10895 | 100% |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available Source: Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011 | ||||||
Gas imports account for almost 63.4% of the total volumes of consumed gas in Poland. Almost all of Poland´s gas imports are being accomplished via pipeline, only 3 mcm were imported as LNG in 2010. Most of the gas pipeline imports originate mainly from Russia and Germany. In 2010, the share of Russia in Poland’s gas imports was 89.5% while the share of Germany was, respectively, 10.4%. Next to gas import, Poland exports a part of the natural to Germany, reaching 46 mcm in 2010 (compared to 41 mcm in 2009). [1]
This section deals with the gas grid, LNG terminals and storage facilities.
Pipelines
The Polish gas grid comprises in total 9,853 of transmission network, including 14 compressor stations, 56 interconnection points and 974 exit points. The total transported volume of natural gas in 2011 was around 15.6 bcm (including transportation to the underground gas storage facilities and transmission of low-methane natural gas converted into high-methane natural gas). [1]
In 2010 there were no operational LNG terminals in Poland. There is one regasification terminal under construction, which is planned to become operational in 2014. [1]
| Site | Storage | - | Regasification | - | Owner | Operator | TPA | Start-up | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | #Tanks | Storage cap* | Max hourly cap** | Nom.cap*** | - | - | - | - | - |
| Świnoujście | 2 | 320 | 656 | 5-7.5 | Gaz-System | .. | .. | 2014 | U |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available E = existing; U = under construction; P = proposed * capacity in m3 x 1000 in LNG **max. hourly capacity in m3 (N) / hour ***nominal annual capacity in bm3(N)/y. Source: Gas Infrastructure Europe: LNG 2011 | |||||||||
In June 2010 there were 8 operational storage facilities in Poland with a combined technical storage capacity of 1,828 mcm. There are 7 depleted gas fields and 1 salt cavern with an aggregated 39.86 mcm/day withdrawal capacity and a 20.8 mcm/day injection capacity. [1]
| Facility name | Operator | Storage Capacity (mcm) | Withdraw (mcm/day) | Injection (mcm/day) | TPA* | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moglino | PGNiG | 368 | 20.64 | 9.6 | R | Salt Cavern |
| Wierzchowice | PGNiG | 575 | 6.72 | 2.6 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Swarzow | PGNiG | 90 | 1 | 1 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Brzeznica | PGNiG | 65 | 0.93 | 1.1 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Husow | PGNiG | 350 | 6.29 | 2.8 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Strachocina | PGNiG | 150 | 1.5 | 1.78 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Bonikowo | PGNiG | 200 | 2.4 | 1.68 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Daszewo | PGNiG | 30 | 0.38 | 0.24 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Total | - | 1828 | 39.86 | 20.8 | R | - |
| *TPA: Regulated ( R) - Negotiated (N) - Hybrid (H) - Not Applicable (X) Source: Gas Infrastructure Europe: GSE Storage Map 2011 | ||||||
In June 2010 there were 8 operational storage facilities in Poland with a combined technical storage capacity of 1,828 mcm. There are 7 depleted gas fields and 1 salt cavern with an aggregated 39.86 mcm/day withdrawal capacity and a 20.8 mcm/day injection capacity. [1]
| Facility name | Operator | Storage Capacity (mcm) | Withdraw (mcm/day) | Injection (mcm/day) | TPA* | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moglino | PGNiG | 422 | .. | .. | R | Salt Cavern |
| Wierzchowice | PGNiG | 625 | 10.8 | 7 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Brzeznica | PGNiG | 35 | 0.41 | 0.28 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Husow | PGNiG | 150 | .. | .. | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Strachocina | PGNiG | 180 | 2.36 | 0.54 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Kosakowo | PGNiG | 250 | 9.6 | 2.4 | R | Salt Cavern |
| Total | - | 1662 | 23.17 | 10.22 | - | - |
| *TPA: Regulated ( R) - Negotiated (N) - Hybrid (H) - Not Applicable (X) Source: Gas Infrastructure Europe: GSE Storage Map 2011 | ||||||
This section deals with the sector structure.
The Polish gas industry is largely dominated by PGNiG (Polish oil & Gas Company), which is responsible for 98% of gas production in Poland, as well as owns most of transmission network. In 2004, the transmission service was separated from PIGNiG and currently carried out by the state-owned OGP GAZ-SYSTEM company. GAZ_SYSTEM leases the transmission network under the leasing contract from PIGNIG. Since June 2006, GAZ_SYSTEM has a status of TSO. It has its own transmission tariff, which is approved by the President of Energy Regulatory Office. The Energy Regulatory Office is an independent regulator (established in 1997), which grants licences for gas transmission and distribution, gas storage, domestic trade, import and export, liquefaction and regasification. The Energy Law Act guarantees regulated TPA to the gas network, as well as to the (partly) gas storage. All gas storage facilities are owned and operated by PGNIG. There are six regional distribution companies (DSOs). Although they are fully owned by PIGNiG, they possess legal and organizational independence. Except for DSOs, other distribution companies are local.[1]
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