- Table of Contents
Slovakia is a landlocked country bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia has a total surface of 49,000 square kilometers (19,000 sq mi) and is inhabited by approximately 5.4 million people (est. 2011 census). Slovakia is a member state of the European Union, NATO, United Nations, OECD and WTO among others. Slovak is the official language. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia. In 2004, Slovakia joined the EU and on the first of January 2009 the Euro was introduced as the official currency.[1] Slovakia is the relatively small consumer of gas within OECD Europe. In 2010, the estimated amount of natural gas consumption in Slovakia was 6,261 mcm and Slovakia had an estimated natural gas supply per capita of 0.943 in 2010. National production is almost non-existent. Therefore Slovakia imports all of its gas from Russia. [2]
| Basic Gas Facts | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas reserves (bcm) | .. | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Gas production (mcm) | 194 | 128 | 102 | 103 | 104 |
| Gas consumption (mcm) | 6575 | 6216 | 6308 | 5397 | 6261 |
| Gas imports (mcm) | 6940 | 6268 | 6266 | 5878 | 5965 |
| imports pipeline | 6940 | 6268 | 6266 | 5878 | 5965 |
| imports LNG | - | - | - | - | - |
| import dependency (%)* | 96.88% | 97.94% | 96.39% | 108.63% | 95.27% |
| Gas exports (mcm) | 570 | 180 | 186 | 15 | - |
| Natural gas supply per capita (toe) | 0.998 | 0.943 | 0.956 | 0.817 | 0.943 |
| Technically recoverable shale gas resources (bcm) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Coal Bed Methane reserves (bcm)** | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available * Imports dependency of natural gas = (imports - exports) / consumption **Proven & Probable (2P); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Coalbed Methane Outreach Program Sources: IEA Natural Gas Information 2011 and EIA Analysis & Projections, Global Methane Initiatve | |||||
| Basic Energy Facts | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Energy Consumption (mtoe) | 18.64 | 17.85 | 18.3 | 16.72 | 17.27 |
| CO2 Emissions, energy-related (Mt) | 40 | 36.8 | 36.23 | 33.17 | .. |
| CO2 intensity, energy-related (tCO2/toe) | 2.13 | 2.06 | 1.98 | 1.98 | .. |
| Energy consumption per capita (toe/cap) | 3.8 | 3.64 | 3.71 | .. | .. |
| CO2 per capita, energy-related (tCO2/cap) | .. | 6.82 | 6.7 | 6.12 | .. |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available Sources: IEA Natural Gas Information 2011 & EIA International Energy Statistics | |||||
- 1. Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011
- 2. EIA Analysis & Projections - World Shale Gas Resources 2011
- 3. EIA International Energy Statistics 2010-2011
This section explores total primary energy consumption and gas demand by sector for Slovakia.
In 2010, Slovakia’s TPEC amounted to 17.27 mtoe, a 3.3% increase compared to 2009. Oil accounted for 3.58 mtoe while coal and gas accounted for 3.44 mtoe and 5.10 mtoe respectively. Other sectors accounted for 4.84 mtoe, where the largest share comes from nuclear (22.4%). [1]
In 2010 Slovakia’s estimated consumption of natural gas was 6,261 mcm, which is 16% more than in the previous year. In 2009, the Slovak Republic consumed a total of 5,397 mcm of natural gas which was approximately 14% less than in 2008. Of the total consumption in 2009, 1,263 mcm was used for transformation and 921 mcm for the industry while 2,204 mcm was consumed by other sectors.[1] Transformation includes the generation of electricity, while the demand from the ‘Energy Sector’ refers to gas used for the extraction of coal, oil, and gas and gas used in refineries, coke ovens and gas works.
This section deals with gas reserves and gas imports.
The Slovak Republic holds very small indigenous gas reserves. In 2010 the total reserves were estimates to be 13 bcm. As far as known, Slovakia has no shale gas reserves and as a result, Slovakia is highly dependent on imports. The reserves-to-production ratio* for the Slovak Republic is 125 years. [1]
*Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – If the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate.
| By country of origin (in mcm) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e | %Total 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | - | 48 | - | - | - | 0% |
| Russia | 6940 | 6220 | 6266 | 5834 | 5965 | 100% |
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | 0% |
| Total | 6940 | 6268 | 6266 | 5878 | 5965 | 100% |
| %Total Consumption | 105.55% | 100.84% | 99.33% | 108.91% | 95.27% | - |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available Source: IEA Natural Gas Information 2011 | ||||||
| By transport type (in mcm) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010e | %Total 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pipeline imports | 6940 | 6268 | 6266 | 5878 | 5965 | 100% |
| LNG imports | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 6940 | 6268 | 6266 | 5878 | 5965 | 100% |
| %Total Consumption | 105.55% | 100.84% | 99.33% | 108.91% | 95.27% | - |
| c = confidential; - = nill; ..= not available Source: IEA Natural Gas Information 2011 | ||||||
In 2010, the Slovak Republic had an import dependency for natural gas of 95.27%. The imports originate mainly from Russia. All imports enter the country through pipelines. [1]
This section deals with the gas grid, LNG terminals and storage facilities.
Pipeline
An integrated transmission, supply and distribution company, called SPP (or Slovak Gas Industry JSC), owns and operates the transmission network under a regulated TPA regime. Eustream operates the transmission network and is a 100% subsidiary of SPP. SPP is owned by the state (51%) and by Ruhrgas and Gaz de France through their company Slovak Gas Holding BV (49%). [1], [2]
In June 2011 there were 2 operational storage facilities in the Slovak Republic with a combined technical storage capacity of 2,840 mcm. Both storage facilities are depleted gas fields. [1]
SPP controls the underground storage facility, through participation in the capital of Nafta a.s. (56%) together with Ruhrgas (40%) and 4% other interests, and POZAGAS a.s. where SPP owns 35% of the shares, together with Nafta (35%) and Gaz de France (30%). [2]
| Nr. | Facility name | Operator | Storage Capacity (mcm) | Withdraw (mcm/day) | Injection (mcm/day) | TPA* | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Láb I-III, Ga-ba | Nafta | 2220 | 30.5 | 23 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| 2 | Láb I-III, Ga-ba extension | Nafta | 250 | 3 | 2.5 | X | Project / Depleted Gas Field |
| 3 | Láb IV | Pozagas | 620 | 6.85 | 6.85 | R | Depleted Gas Field |
| Total | - | - | 3090 | - | - | - | - |
| *TPA: Regulated ( R) - Negotiated (N) - Hybrid (H) - Not Applicable (X) Source: Gas Infrastructure Europe: Storage 2011 | |||||||
- 1. Gas Infrastructure Europe: GSE Storage Map August 2011
- 2. Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011
This section deals with the gas market regulation in upstream, the transmission grid and downstream.
SPP controls the upstream market and is owned by the state (51%) and by Ruhrgas and Gaz de France through their company Slovak Gas Holding BV (49%). Domestic production is negligible. [1]
An integrated transmission, supply and distribution company, called SPP (or Slovak Gas Industry JSC), owns and operates the transmission network under a regulated TPA regime. The total length of the transmission network in Slovakia is 2,270 kilometers. Slovakia is an important transit country as natural gas from Russia is delivered to the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. The volume of transited gas in 2010 was estimated at 71.4 bcm. [1], [2], [3]
- 1. International Energy Regulation Network 2006-2009
- 2. ENTSOG Ten Year Network Development Plan 2011-2020
- 3. Natural Gas Information © OECD/IEA, 2011
SPP is the dominant supplier in the downstream market as it possesses and operates the main distribution network. Some 50 small distribution network operators are in Slovakia. [1]
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